A colonoscopy is an exam that uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera inserted into the rectum that allows your doctor to see inside your colon and rectum. The camera allows your doctor to look for polyps or other abnormalities and examine the overall health of your colon. The procedure typically lasts 30–60 minutes.
Various conditions that affect the large intestine can be detected and diagnosed with the help of a colonoscopy:
Colorectal cancer
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Diverticular disease
Bleeding or anemia
Other symptoms such as abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, or bowel irregularity
The American Cancer Society and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends starting colorectal cancer screening at age 45 for people who are at average risk and don’t have symptoms. People with other risk factors like a family history of colorectal cancer or certain bowel conditions may need to start screening earlier or more frequently.
If you’re experiencing symptoms related to your large intestine, such as bleeding, pain, or persistent changes in your bowel habits, you may need a colonoscopy regardless of your age or risk factors. Talk with your doctor about your symptoms and medical history to determine the best screening schedule right for you.
To prepare for a colonoscopy, it’s important to empty your colon so your doctor can see your colon clearly to spot any abnormalities. Your doctor will provide instructions before the procedure to help you prepare.
Preparation steps for a colonoscopy generally include:
Always follow your doctor’s instructions before a colonoscopy for the best guidance for you. Your exact preparation steps may vary based on your doctor’s recommendations or your reason for having a colonoscopy.
After your colonoscopy, you may experience some bloating, gas, or mild cramping from the air that was pumped into your colon. These symptoms are normal and should go away as you pass gas.
You won’t be able to drive yourself home because of the sedatives used during the procedure to help you feel comfortable, so you should arrange for someone to take you home and stay with you until you’re fully alert.
You can resume your normal diet and activities after the procedure unless your doctor tells you otherwise. Just be sure to avoid alcohol for at least 24 hours since it can interact with the sedatives.
If you’re due for a colonoscopy, don’t put it off. Early detection is key to preventing colorectal cancer. Talk with your doctor about your risk factors and screening options.
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